Online editörde denedim aşağıdaki gibi çalıştı.

Online editor : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/php_mysql_online.php

Editör içindeki full kod;

$driver = 'mysql';
$database = "dbname=CODINGGROUND";
$dsn = "$driver:host=localhost;$database";

$username = 'root';
$password = 'root';

try {
$conn = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
echo "Database CODINGGROUND Connected\n";
}catch(PDOException $e){
echo $e->getMessage();
}
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM users';
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();

$result = $conn->query('select * from users limit 1');
$fields = array_keys($result->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));

foreach($fields as $value)
{
echo sprintf("%s - ", $value);
}

echo "\n";
while($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)){
foreach($row as $value)
{
echo sprintf("%s ", $value);
}
echo "\n";
}

$text = 'Turgay';
$id = 101;
$columnName = 'name';
$updateStatement = 'update users set ' .$columnName. '=? where id=?';
$query=$conn->prepare($updateStatement);

$status=$query->execute([$text,$id]);

if($status){
echo "Updated";
}else{
echo "error";
}

?>



Sana lazım olan kod;

$text = 'Turgay';
$id = 101;
$columnName = 'name';
$updateStatement = 'update users set ' .$columnName. '=? where id=?';
$query=$conn->prepare($updateStatement);

$status=$query->execute([$text,$id]);

if($status){
echo "Updated";
}else{
echo "error";
}